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Objective:To analyze the changes in the transcriptome of mouse fibroblasts after exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) using next-generation sequencing technology, and to screen out related pathways and genes that might be involved in the regulation of fibroblast growth by ELF-EMFs.Methods:The mouse NIH/3T3 cells were divided into the radiation group and the normal control group.The cells in the radiation group were placed in a 0.2 mT, 50 Hz electromagnetic radiation system, and the cells in the normal control group was placed in the same coil system under the same conditions without power.After 24-hour culture in a cell incubator, RNA was extracted.The next-generation high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the transcriptomes of the two groups, and perform gene function annotation and signal pathway database analysis on the selected differential genes.Some highly expressed genes were screened out and verified by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.Results:A total of 17 980 genes were identified in the transcriptome sequencing, and there were 140 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 120 were up-regulated and 20 were down-regulated.DEGs were enriched in enzyme catalytic activity, cell metabolism process, biological regulation, biosynthesis and so on.According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, the DEGs mainly involved 55 pathways, among which the most enriched 10 pathways were aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, platelet activation, neurotrophin signaling pathway, renin-angiotensin system, etc., closely related to cell biosynthesis.The DEGs that might be involved in the post-irradiation stress of cells were further screened out, including mitogen activated protein kinase 12 ( MAPK12), neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 3 ( NTRK3), angiotensin Ⅱ receptor type 2 ( AGTR2), vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF), etc.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR results showed that the relative expression levels of MAPK12, NTRK3, AGTR2, VEGF mRNA in the radiation group were 2.389±0.003, 2.481±0.350, 2.354±0.081, 1.559±0.110, respectively, which were significantly higher than 1.011±0.190, 1.011±0.180, 1.007±0.150, 1.008±0.153, respectively in the normal control group ( t=12.540, 6.309, 13.710, 3.078; all at P<0.05). Conclusions:After the mouse fibroblasts were interfered with ELF-EMFs, the expression levels of MAPK12, NTRK3, AGTR2, VEGF and other genes are significantly up-regulated, which mainly involve neurotrophin signaling pathway, renin-angiotensin system and other pathways.These genes and pathways may be the main way that ELF-EMFs affect fibroblasts.
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Oective: To discuss the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) exposure on the function and morphology of liver, kidney and spleen of the SD rats, and to clarify the mechanism of radiation damage of ELF-EMF. Methods: Twenty male SD rats were randomly divided into exposure group and control group (n=10). The rats in exposure group were exposed in an ELF-EMF device with a magnetic induction of 0. IT and a frequency of 50 Hz; the exposure was conducted for 8 h per day for 30 d. The rats in control group didn' t receive any treatment. After exposure for 30 d, the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (Cr) of the rats in two groups were detected. HE staining was used to detect the morphology of the liver, kidney, spleen tissues of the rats in two groups. Results: Compared with control group, the serum levels of ALT, AST, UN, and Cr of the rats in exposure group were increased (P<0. 05). In exposure group, the dilatation and congestion were found in the central veios of liver and hepatic sinusoids, glomeruli and interstitial capillaries of kidney, and insinusoids of spleen of the rats; part of the hepatocytes showed necrosis. There was no abnormality morphology in the liver, kidney, and spleen tissues of the rats in control group. Conclusion: Exposure to ELF-EMF (0.1 T, 50 Hz) can affect the function and structures of liver, kidney and spleen tissues of the SD rats, and its mechanism may be related to oxidative stress induced by ELF-EMF.
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Melanogenesis is the biological process that results in the synthesis of skin pigment of melanin and it has various functions in living systems and is synthesized by the melanosome within the melanocytes. A variety of physical treatments are used to promote melanin production in the melanocytes for pigmentation control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intensity-dependent effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on melanogenesis by melanocytes in vitro. Melanocytes were exposed to ELF-EMFs at a frequency of 50 Hz and at intensities in the range of 0.5–20 G over 4 days. The results of lactate dehydrogenase assay showed that there were no significant differences between cells exposed to 0.5 G or 2 G groups and the controls. The melanin contents increased 1.2–1.5-fold in cells exposed to ELF-EMFs and tyrosinase activity increased 1.3-fold in cells exposed to ELF-EMFs, relative to the controls. Also, exposure to ELF-EMFs was associated with activation in cyclic-AMP response element binding protein and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) was up-regulated. Up-regulation of MITF induces the expression of melanogenesis-related markers, such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, TRP-2. In conclusion, the present study showed that the exposure to ELF-EMFs at low intensities can stimulate melanogenesis in melanocyte, and these results may be used to a therapeutic devices for inducing repigmentation in vitiligo patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biological Phenomena , Carrier Proteins , Electromagnetic Fields , In Vitro Techniques , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Magnets , Melanins , Melanocytes , Melanosomes , Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor , Monophenol Monooxygenase , Pigmentation , Response Elements , Skin , Up-Regulation , VitiligoABSTRACT
Objective To study the combined effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields ( ELF-EMF ) exposure (50 Hz and 3 mT) and high temperature exposure on hsp22 and hsp26 expression in Drosophila melanogaster. Methods Under the conditions of 50 Hz and 3 mT ELF-EMF,the male and female D.melanogaster was separately exposed for 2 h at 25℃, 27.5℃, 30℃, 32.5℃,and 35℃, respectively.The death rate, exercise capacity and the hsp22 and hsp26 expression levels of D.melanogaster were detected after exposure;or at 25℃and 35℃at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 24 h, respectively.The hsp22 and hsp26 expression levels of D.melanogaster were tested after exposure .Results After exposure for 2 h at 25℃, 27.5℃, 30℃, 32.5℃, and 35℃, temperature had a significant effect (P0.05).After exposure for 2 h at 25℃, 27.5℃, 30℃, 32.5℃, and 35℃, the hsp22 and hsp26 expression levels of D.melanogaster were significantly impacted(P<0.01) by gender, temperature, ELF-EMF and exposure time, and tem-perature was the most important factor .Gender, temperature, ELF-EMF and exposure time had some interaction with the results.Conclusion ELF-EMF can influence the expression levels of hsp22 and hsp26.ELF-EMF exposure contributes to heat tolerance in D.melanogaster through accelerated expression of hsp22 and hsp26.
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The increasingly raised morbidity of hematological malignancies have attracted much attention from scientists and clinicians in recent years, especially the childhood leukemia, It has been demonstrated that extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields is closely related to pediatric leukemia. The extremely lowfrequency electromagnetic fields might change the size, appearance, quantity, chemical state and energy of cellular biological molecules and induce cascade reaction via effects on cell-to-cell signal transduction, cell proliferation and apoptosis, gene expression and DNA damage, etc, subsequently promote the development of childhood leukemia. This paper overviewed the recent advances of relationship between the extremely lowfrequency electromagnetic fields and childhood leukemia.